2.11 Vehicles

2.11.1 Vehicle Costs

Vehicle costs are specified in arbitrary units. The unit used must be consistent across the scenario.

  1. Cost per Use

    This is a cost incurred whenever the vehicle is used (i.e. has orders assigned to it) in a solution.

  2. Hidden Cost per Use

    The hidden version of the cost per use. This is used in the computation of a solution, but it will not be seen in the final output.

  3. Cost per Hour

    This is the cost-per-hour for the vehicle.

  4. Hidden Cost per Hour

    The hidden version of the cost per hour. This is used in the computation of a solution, but it will not be seen in the final output.

  5. Cost per Kilometre

    This is the cost-per-kilometre for the vehicle.

  6. Hidden Cost per Kilometre

    The hidden version of the cost per km.

  7. Cost per Mile

    This is the cost-per-mile for the vehicle.

  8. Hidden Cost per Mile

    The hidden version of the cost per mile.

  9. Cost per Load

    This is a cost that is incurred for each load a vehicle has in the solution.

  10. Hidden Cost per Load

    The hidden version of the cost per load. This is used in the computation of a solution, but it will not be seen in the final output.

Costs and hidden costs per distance may be specified using either kilometres or miles, but not both.

There are additional hidden costs (penalties) for vehicles that are useful for controlling the “shape” of a vehicle’s route.

  1. Pickup segment penalties.
  2. Delivery segment penalties.
  3. Finish segment penalties.
  4. Loaded volume distance penalties.
  5. Loaded weight distance penalties.

2.11.2 Vehicle Locations

  1. Starting Location

    This is the location of the vehicle at the start of its route.

    If this location differs from the first pickup location, then the vehicle is required to travel from the start location to the first pickup location. In such a case, the travel time and distance to the first pickup location are included in the solution.

    If no start location is specified, then the vehicle begins its route at the location of its first pickup.

  2. Finishing Location

    This is a location to which the vehicle must return at the end of its route. The travel time and distance to return to this location are considered in the solution.

    If no finish location is specified, then the vehicle ends its route at the location of its last delivery.

2.11.3 Vehicle Times

  1. Earliest Start

    This is the earliest time that a vehicle can start its route.

  2. Latest Start

    This is the latest time that a vehicle can start its route.

  3. Latest Finish

    This is the latest time that the vehicle can finish its route. It includes the time taken for the vehicle to return to its finish location.

  4. Maximum Drive Time

    This is the maximum time that a vehicle can spend in transit during a route.

  5. Maximum Work Time

    This is the maximum time allowed between the start of the route and its completion. This includes the time needed for a vehicle to return to its finish location at the end of its route.

  6. Load Time

    Load time is the time incurred by the vehicle when it begins a sequence of pickups at a location. A vehicle’s load time will override a location’s load time if both the vehicle’s and location’s load time are greater than zero.

  7. Unload Time

    Unload time is the time incurred by the vehicle when it begins a sequence of deliveries at a location. A vehicle’s unload time will override a location’s unload time if both the vehicle’s and location’s unload times are greater than zero.

2.11.4 Vehicle Capacities

Vehicles may have both a maximum weight capacity and maximum volume capacity. These are upper bounds on how much the vehicle can carry.

2.11.5 Vehicle Compartments

Vehicles may be divided into multiple compartments. Each compartment has its own capacities (e.g. maximum weight, maximum volume) and attributes. A compartment scheme is a list of compartments identified using a unique identifier. An individual compartment scheme can be applied to multiple vehicles.

2.11.6 Maximum Loads

If batched loads is enabled, then this is an upper bound on the number of loads the vehicle is allowed to do.

2.11.7 Maximum Drops per Load

If batched loads is enabled, then this is an upper bound on the number of locations a vehicle can deliver to per load.

2.11.8 Fatigue Management Scheme

This is an identifier that specifies the fatigue management rules that apply to the vehicle. Driver breaks inserted by the optimiser will satisfy all rules in the fatigue management scheme.

2.11.9 Loaded Breaks

A loaded break is a driver break that is scheduled while one or more orders are loaded on the vehicle. The optimiser can optionally prevent loaded breaks from being scheduled (i.e. driver breaks will only occur while the vehicle is not loaded).

2.11.10 Vehicle Speed Scale

As all vehicles use the same time and distance matrices in computation of transit times and distance, applying a scaling factor allows the user to account for vehicles with varying speed. For example, if a vehicle was known to be 30% slower than the average vehicle in the fleet, a scaling factor of 0.7 (70%) could be applied. Similarly, if a vehicle was known to be 10% faster, a scaling factor of 1.10 (110%) could be applied.

2.11.11 Vehicle Types

To avoid unnecessary repetition when defining vehicles, DTO-Excel (only) allows for the definition of vehicle types. All vehicles of the same type share the properties defined for that type, such as maximum weight, speed scale etc. Note that defining both a vehicle type and vehicle properties in the Fleet sheet is not allowed.